学术
摘 要:
巴瑞·布赞首创的“区域安全复合体理论”，是对传统安全研究的重大挑战。该理论通过澄清安全概念的诸多模糊之处，提出了安全的主体间性范畴，拓宽了安全研究议程，为在国际关系领域确立国际安全研究的独立地位作出了卓越贡献。不过，以布赞为代表的学者们仍然对“人的安全”概念持否定态度，这是其理论局限所在。在不断变化的国际社会中，“人的安全”概念以及其内含的“以人为本”的安全伦理观已经对安全复合体理论的规范性局限构成了尖锐的挑战。只有应对这一挑战，安全复合体理论的全部研究议程才能实现。[著者文摘]
文章出处:
《浙江大学学报：人文社会科学版》-2008年38卷1期 -16-21页
栏目信息:
Regional Security Complex Theory： Traditional and Human Security Perspectives
Cui Shunji （Asia Research Centre, London School of Economics and Political Science ,London WC2A 2AE,U. K. ）
Abstract:
This article investigates the relationship between Regional Security Complex theory （RSCT） with both traditional and human security perspectives. Traditionally, security studies concerned mainly issues of war and forcel and treated the state as the only referent object and understood security＂ in purely objective terms. By contrast, RSCT asserts that, as a self-referential practice＂, security should be regarded as a phenomenon of socially constructed intersubjective politics, not understandable either in purely objective or subjective terms. Yet, RSC theorists are reluctant to address the issue of human security, as they fear this could result in a reductionist understanding of security （see, Buzan 2004）. But we must ask whether this reluctance is sustainable？ The key issues are conceptual clarity and moral judgements. In terms of conceptual clarity, it would be unwise to expand the security agenda so widely that everything becomes a security issue. Moreover, the concept of human security remains ambiguous, and hence presents analytical difficulties. However, if IR is to reflect developments in the real world and respond to challenges arising from the policy arena, it must engage with the concept of human security. In other words, the intersubjectivity of securitisation means that the referent object of security ceases to be fixed. Ethical questions are less straightforward. The human security approach, with its idea of f! ~ , f! people-eentrlc-secunty , requires us to reorient security thinking around the individual as the referent object. This is bound to produce ethical dilemmas, particularly when there are conflicts between individuals and states. In fact, the main recent disruptions to international security have resulted more from human suffering by natural disasters or of violations of human rights by governments than from interstate wars. How then shall we draw the lines of human security？ If threats to human security come not only from natural disasters, but also from conflicts between states and their citizens, does this mean that state sovereignty should be curbed？ So far, the extensive debates on issues of ＂order＂ and ＂＇justice＂ ＂ have failed to produce satisfactory answers. By definition, ethical judgements are difficult. Thus, the RSC theorists＇ conservative approach to human security is understandable, but little is gained by excluding the concept. Human security issues are becoming more important in international society and present RSCT with conceptual and moral challenges. Above all, the key concepts of RSCT - security for whom, from what and by what means now require ethical judgements. If this is the case, future security studies may be forced to transcend the traditional limits of International Relation and have to embrace the insights and methodologies of neighbouring academic disciplines.[著者文摘]
Key words:
Regional Security Complex Theory; intersubjectivity; traditional security; human security
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