学术
近20年我国饮用水污染事故分析及防治对策
李丽娟[1] 梁丽乔[1,2] 刘昌明[1] 张丽[1,2] 姜德娟[1,2] 李九一[1,2]
[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100039
摘 要:
饮用水安全问题是我国面临的突出环境问题，它直接关系到人民群众的生命和健康。通过检索相关文献资料，查阅到我国1986-2005年发生的152起饮用水污染事故，从事故的特点、原因和危害3个方面进行了分析。从时间上看，1995-2005年是饮用水污染事故的高发期，集中了87．5％的事故；从区域上看，华东地区是事故高发区，共44起。污染类型以生物污染为主，占69．1％，远远高于化学污染的比例。从事故发生地点看，接近一半的事故发生在居民区，其次是学校。供水环节中，以水源污染为主。占56．6％。生活污染是导致饮用水污染的主要因素，占65．1％，其次是工业污染。水源污染是事故发生的主要原因。饮用水污染事故严重影响了居民正常饮水，甚至引发水性疾病的暴发流行或污染物中毒。为实现我国饮用水安全，提出了预防和处理饮用水污染事故的相应防治对策。[著者文摘]
文章出处:
《地理学报》-2007年62卷9期 -917-924页
栏目信息:
分 类 号:
Analysis and Strategy of Drinking Water Pollution Accidents in Recent 20 Years in China
LI Lijuan, LIANG Liqiao, LIU Changming, ZHANG Li, JIANG Dejuan, LI Jiuyi （1. Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China; 2. Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China）
Abstract:
Drinking water safety is a prominent environmental issue facing China since it is related to human health directly. Based on the statistical data from articles, the characteristics and causes of the drinking water pollution accidents and their damage to the human society are analyzed. About 152 typical drinking water pollution accidents which happened in China during the period 1986-2005 were analyzed in this study. The results show that 133 accidents, about 87.5% of the total, occurred during the period 1995-2005, and East China is the area with high frequency where 44 accidents occurred. All pollution accidents are chemical or/and biological, and biological pollution accidents account for 69.1%. As viewed from pollution places, almost half of the accidents occurred in residential areas, next in schools. As viewed from water supply links, pollution of water source is the main reason for accidents which accounts for 56.6% of the total. As viewed from pollution type, pollution from daily life is the main reason which resulted in 65.1% of the total accidents, and then industrial pollution. Drinking water pollution accidents have badly affected residents＇ normal drinkable water, even led to water-borne diseases breaking out or poisoning. In order to actualize safe drinking water, corresponding strategy is brought forward for defending and treating drinking water pollution accidents.[著者文摘]
Key words:
drinking water; pollution accidents; strategy; China
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目（40571029）;中国科学院重大咨询项目资助
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