学术
异养微生物在金属生物淋滤技术中的应用
任婉侠[1,2] 李培军[1] 何娜[1,2] 范淑秀[1,2] E．V．Verkhozina[3]
[1]中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,沈阳110016 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100039 [3]俄罗斯学院西伯利亚分院地质研究所,伊尔库茨克664033
摘 要:
生物淋滤技术主要应用于低品位矿石金属选矿、煤气脱硫、废弃物中金属回收和污染介质中金属离子毒性的去除等方面。作为生物淋滤技术中的主体微生物之一，异养微生物可通过其产生的酸性代谢物还原、酸化及络合，提取或者溶解非硫化矿、固体废弃物、污水污泥及土壤中的金属，有助于解决目前的资源短缺问题，还可对污染环境治理提供技术支持，具有重要的理论意义和实践价值。应用于异养微生物淋滤技术中的常见微生物包括细菌（以假单胞菌为主）和真菌（以曲霉菌和青霉菌应用最为广泛）。淋滤过程涉及酸解、络合、还原及碱化等。目前，异养微生物淋滤技术主要应用于生物冶金、固体废弃物处理、污水处理和污染土壤修复等。本文分析了异养微生物金属淋滤过程中的问题，并提出了未来研究的发展方向。[著者文摘]
文章出处:
《生态学杂志》-2007年26卷11期 -1835-1841页
栏目信息:
分 类 号:
文献标识码:
A
文章编号:
1000-4890（2007）11-1835-07
Application of heterotrophic microorganisms in metals removal by bioleaching.
REN Wan- xia, LI Pei-jun, HE Na, FAN Shu-xiu, E. V. Verkhozina（1Institute of Applied Ecolo- gy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China ; 2Graduate University of Chinese A- cademy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China; 3Institute of Geoehemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Acadeny of Sciences, Irkutsk 664033, Russia）.
Abstract:
Bioleaching is a technology mainly applied in the extraction of metals from low-grade ores, desulfurization of coal gas, recovery of metals from waste materials, and detoxification of metal ions in contaminated medium. As a principal part of microorganisms used in bioleaching technology, heterotrophic microorganisms have the potential in producing acidic metabolites that are able to extract or solubilize metals from non-sulfidic minerals, solid residues, sewage sludge, and soil via the mechanisms of reduction, acidolysis, and complexation. This technology is helpful to solve the problems of resources shortage and offer technique supports to the environmental management, with important theoretic meaning and practical worthiness. The major heterotrophic microorganisms applied in bioleaching include bacteria （mostly Pseudomonas sp. ） and fungi （ mainly Aspergillus sp. and Penicilliurn sp. ）, and bioleaching process involves acidolysis, complexation, reduction, and basification. At present, heterotrophic bioleaching is mostly used in bio-metallurgy, and disposal of solid wastes, sewage, and contaminated soil. The problems in metals recovery by bioleaching with heterotrophic micro-organisms were analyzed in this paper, with its development directions brought forward.[著者文摘]
Key words:
heterotrophic microorganism ; bioleaching ; contaminated medium ; metal.
基金资助:
国家重点基础研究发展规划项目（2004CB418506）和国家自然科学基金重点项目（20337010）和中-俄自然资源与生态环境联合研究中心基金资助项目.
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