学术
草鱼幼鱼对烟酸的需要量
吴凡[1,2] 蒋明[1,2,3] 赵智勇[3] 刘安龙[3] 刘伟[1,2] 文华[1,2]
[1]中国水产科学研究院长江水产研究所农业部淡水鱼类种质资源与生物技术重点开放实验室,湖北荆州434000 [2]中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心,江苏无锡214081 [3]华中农业大学水产学院,湖北武汉430070
摘 要:
草鱼幼鱼的初始体重为（12．43±0．80）g，试验分为7组，其饲料中烟酸含量分别为5．1、9．8、16．6、32．2、66．7、130．1、271．5mg·kg^-1，每组设3个重复，每桶30尾鱼，日投喂率2％-3％，饲养试验周期为8周。研究不同含量烟酸对草鱼幼鱼生长性能、饲料系数、机体营养组分、造血功能及血脂的影响，以确定草鱼幼鱼饲料中适宜烟酸需要量。试验结果表明：①添加烟酸显著提高了特定生长率、增重率和草鱼幼鱼的存活率，对草鱼幼鱼肥满度无显著影响；烟酸含量为32．2mg·kg^-1时草鱼的特定生长率和增重率最大，饲料系数最低，并与其它各组存在显著差异；②添加烟酸对草鱼全鱼水分、灰分无显著影响，显著提高了全鱼粗脂肪含量，但各添加组间无显著差异，饲料中烟酸含量为66．7mg·kg^-1时，全鱼粗蛋白含量显著高于对照组及9．8mg·kg^-1组；③添加烟酸显著提高了血液红细胞计数和血红蛋白含量，但对血清胆固醇和甘油三酯无显著影响，烟酸含量为16．6mg·kg^-1及以上时显著提高血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇与低密度脂蛋白胆固醇，与对照组和9．8mg·kg^-1组存在显著差异。基于折线法分析，草鱼幼鱼获得最佳生长时对饲料中烟酸的最低需求量为25．5mg．kg^-1。[著者文摘]
文章出处:
《水产学报》-2008年1期 -65-70页
分 类 号:
文献标识码:
A
文章编号:
1000-0615（2008）01-0065-06
The dietary niacin requirement of juvenile Ctenopharyngodon idellus
WU Fan, JIANG Ming, ZHAO Zhi-yong, LIU An-long,LIU Wei,WEN Hua（1.Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Germplasm and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangtze River Fisheries Research lnsthute , Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Jingzhou 434000, China; 2.Freshwater Fishery Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China;3.Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China）
Abstract:
Niacin is an essential nutrient for growth and health of fish. The signs of niacin deficiency in most fish species are loss of appetite, poor growth and increased mortality. The objective of this study is to detect the suitable requirement of niacin in diet of juvenile Ctenopharyngodon idellus, a primary aquacultural breed in China. Prior to the start of experiment, all fish were acclimated to the experimental condition for 2 weeks and fed the basal diet, then thirty healthy fish were randomly distributed to each of 21 experimental fiberglass tanks connected to a flow-through system. Niacin was added to the basal diet at 0, 10, 20, 40, 80, 160,320 mg·kg^-1 diet, and the actual content of niacin in diets were 5.1, 9.8, 16.6, 32.2, 66.7, 130.1, 271.5 mg·kg^-1 diet respectively based on determination by High Performance Liquid Chromatography （HPLC）. The 7 diets were fed to randomly assigned triplicate groups of fish [initial body weight （12.43±1.80）g]. All fish were fed at a rate of 2%-3% of their body weight per day in three equal feedings. Fish were batch-weighted by tank once every two weeks and the daily rations were adjusted accordingly. Experiment was conducted for 8 weeks. The results showed that： 1. the addition of niacin to diets had no effect on condition factor but significantly improved fish specific growth rate （SGR）, weight gain rate（WGR） and survival rate（SR）. The highest SGR and WGR were observed at group of 32.2 mg·kg^-1, while feed conversion rate（FCR） were lowest, these indexes had significant difference from the other 6 groups; 2. there were no significant difference in carcase moisture, crude ash of the fish. The crude lipid of fish in experimental groups was significantly higher than the control group but there were no differences among the experimental groups. The crude protein of 66.7 mg·kg^-1 group was significantly higher than the control group and 9.8 mg·kg^-1 group; 3 .the addition of niacin to diets significantly improved hemoglobin（HB） and red blood count（RBC） but had no effect on serum cholesterol（CHOL） and triglyceride（TG）. The high density lipoprotein cholesterol（HDL-C） and low density lipoprotein cholesterol（LDL-C） were significantly higher than the control group and 9.8 mg·kg^-1 group when the fish fed above 16.6 mg niacin per kg diet. The results of this study demonstrated that dietary niacin could improve growth performance, and decrease mortality. Using the broken-line analysis model, the dietary niacin requirement for juvenile Ctenopharyngodon ideUus based on specific growth rate（SGR） was 25.5 mg·kg^-1 which could maintain maximum growth of the fish.[著者文摘]
Key words:
Ctenopharyngodon idellus; niacin; growth; requirement
基金资助:
国家“十五”科技攻关计划（2004BA526B0604）;国家科技部科研院所技术开发研究专项资金（2003EG134172）
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