学术
压电式纳米发电机的原理和潜在应用
王中林[1,2,3]
[1]佐治亚理工学院材料和工程系,亚特兰大 佑治亚州 30332-0245 美国 [2]北京大学工学院先进材料与纳米技术系,北京100871 [3]国家纳米科学中心,北京100080
摘 要:
纤锌矿结构氧化锌纳米线具有半导体性能和压电效应。用导电的原子力显微镜探针针尖去弯曲竖直生长的氧化锌纳米线，在纳米线的内部和外部分别造成压缩和拉伸，这种独特结构导致了弯曲纳米线的内外表面产生反极性的极化电荷，借助半导体性质的氧化锌纳米线和其金属尖部的肖特基势垒将电能暂时储存在氧化锌纳米线内，并可用导电的原子力显微镜探针接通这一电源，向外界输电，从而完美地实现了在纳米尺度上把机械能转化为电能。该纳米发电机的发电效率可以达到17％-30％，此项重要的科学发现将为自发电式纳米器件奠定物理基础。文章介绍了它的工作原理和潜在应用。[著者文摘]
文章出处:
《物理》-2006年35卷11期 -897-903页
栏目信息:
分 类 号:
Piezoelectric nanogenerators——their principle and potential applications
WANG Zhong-Lin （1 Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332 - 0245, USA; 2 Department of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; 3 National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100080, China）
Abstract:
We have converted nanoscale mechanical energy into electrical energy by means of piezoelectric zinc oxide nanowire arrays. The aligned nanowires are deflected with a conductive atomic force microscope tip in contact mode. The coupling of piezoelectric and semiconducting properties in zinc oxide creates a strain field and charge separation across the nanowire as a result of its bending. The rectifying nature of the Schottky barrier formed between the metal tip and the nanowire leads to electrical current generation. The efficiency of this piezoelectric power generator is estimated to be 17% to 30%. This approach has the potential of converting mechanical, vibrational, and/or hydraulic energy into electricity for powering nanodevices. The basic principles and potential applications are reviewed.[著者文摘]
Key words:
ZnO nanowire, piezoelectricity, nanogenerator, self-powered
基金资助:
致谢 作者感谢宋金会对该工作的杰出贡献,也非常感谢郑玉峰教授在翻译和修改本文中所做的大量工作.
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