学术
玉米地膜覆盖的土壤环境效应
杜社妮[1,2] 白岗栓[1,2]
[1]西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100 [2]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100
摘 要:
通过田间试验研究了地膜覆盖和露地栽培对玉米的土壤温度、水分、养分、盐分含量和土壤生物学特性及硝酸盐含量的变化。结果表明，在玉米生长前期，地膜覆盖5，10，15，20，25cm土层的土壤日平均温度比露地提高2．4℃、3．O℃、2．9℃、2．2℃、2．7℃，6～7月份比露地降低1．1℃、0．5℃、0．5℃、0．613、0．6℃。地膜覆盖0～10，10～20，20～30，30～40cm土层的土壤含水量分别比霉地增加18．84％、10．67％、11．12％和8．9％。地膜覆盖增强了土壤蔗糖酶和碱性磷酸酶的活性，增加了土壤微生物的数量、CO2浓度、土壤呼吸和土壤NO3^- -N的含量，减少了土壤氮素的损失。地膜覆盖降低了土壤有机质、氮素、速效磷的含量、过氧化氢酶和脲酶的活性及土壤袁层的盐分含量。地膜覆盖提高了玉米的生物量和经济产量。[著者文摘]
文章出处:
《干旱地区农业研究》-2007年25卷5期 -56-59页
栏目信息:
分 类 号:
文献标识码:
A
文章编号:
1000-7601（2007）05-0056-04
Studies on effects of plastic film mulching on soil environment of maize field
DU She-ni, BAI Gang-shuan （1. Institute of,Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A ＆ F University, Yangling , Shaanxi 712100, China ;2. Institute of Soil and Water Conservation , Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling , Shaanxi 712100, China ）
Abstract:
Change of temperature, moisture, nutrient, biological characteristic, salinity and nitrate content in soil was studied under cultivation with plastic film mulching and no film covering. The results showed that daily average temperature of soil with plastic mulching was higher than that without film covering in growth prophase of maize. The degree of enhancing temperature in 5,10,15,20 cm and 25 cm soil layers was 2.4℃, 3.0℃,2.9℃ ,2.2℃ and 2.7℃ respectively. In June and July, daily average temperature of soil with film mulching was lower than that without film covering. The degree of dropping temperature in 5,10,15,20 cm and 25 cm soil layers was 1.1℃,0.5℃,0.5℃,0.6℃,0.6℃. The amount of enhancing soil moisture in 0- 10,10 20,20 - 30 cm and 30 - 40 cm soil layer was 18.84 %, 10.67 % ,11.12 % and 8.9 %. Under cultivation with plastic mulching, it increased sucrase activity, phosphatase activity, number of soil microorganism, CO2 concentration, soil respiratory intensity, NO3^- -N content and decreased loss of soil nitrogen. Simultaneity it decreased soil organic, N, avail N, avail P, catalase activity, urease activity and salinity content in soil surface layer. Thus plastic film mulching increased maize yield and biomass.[著者文摘]
Key words:
maize; plastic film mulching; soil; effect on environment
基金资助:
国家“十一五”科技攻关项目（2006BAD09807）;中国科学院知识创新工程项目（KZCX2XB2-05-01）
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