海洋无脊椎动物在特殊的海洋环境中经过长期的进化,形成了复杂的代谢体系,能产生独特的化学物质,不仅可以用于动物自身防御,还为人类疾病治疗提供大量用于临床或临床前研究的候选药物。在对海洋无脊椎动物研究的过程中,越来越多的研究发现有些次生代谢产物的真正来源是这些动物的共附生微生物,因此学者的目光转移到了海洋微生物上,近年来,海洋来源微生物尤其是海洋真菌的研究得到了快速发展。海洋真菌的次级代谢产物结构多样新颖,也是活性物质的重要来源,不仅可为新药研发提供先导化合物,还可通过微生物发酵解决先导药物的来源问题。基于以上前提,以及作为我们课题组从海洋无脊椎动物及其共附生微生物中寻找先导化合物工作的延续,本文对采自我国西沙海域的四种无脊椎动物隋氏蒂壳海绵Theonella swinhoei、冷柳珊瑚属珊瑚Iciligorgia sp.、豆荚软珊瑚属珊瑚Lobophytum sp.、短足软珊瑚属珊瑚Cladiella sp.进行了以活性为导向的化学成分研究;运用化学和活性相结合的手段对分离自海洋无脊椎动物的15株真菌进行了筛选,得到2株有研究价值真菌菌株Aspergillus ochraceopetaliformis、Stemphylium lycopersici,并对这2株真菌进行了化学成分研究;最后,结合参考文献本文对分离得到的部分化合物进行了酶抑制、调节免疫T细胞增殖、调节破骨细胞分化、抗肿瘤干细胞样细胞、抗真菌的活性筛选,部分化合物显示出良好的生物活性。运用正、反相硅胶柱色谱层析、葡聚糖凝胶柱层析、高效液相等多种色谱分离纯化方法,从以上6种样品的提取物中共分离得到105个化合物;依靠核磁共振、质谱、计算ECD等多种结构鉴定手段,并结合文献检索,鉴定了这些化合物的结构,分离得到的化合物类型包括甾体类、二萜类、倍半萜类、聚酮类、醌类、肽类、其他类。其中新化合物31个,包括6个4-亚甲基甾体化合物(h1h4、h6h7),4个9,10-开环甾体(f19、f20、f26、f27),1个9,11-开环甾体(f38),12个eunicellin型二萜(f1~f5、f8~f14),6个西松烷型二萜(d1d6),1个蒽醌类化合物(s1),1个酰胺类化合物(s10)。从隋氏蒂壳海绵Theonella swinhoei中分离得到12个化合物:swinhoeisterol C(h1),swinhoeisterol D(h2),swinhoeisterol E(h3),swinhoeisterol F(h4),swinhoeisterol A(h5),(3S*,5S*,8S*,9S*,10S*,13R*,17R*)-17-((2R*,5R*)-5,6-dimethylheptan-2-yl)-10,13-dimethyl-4-methylenetetradecahydro-14H-8,9-epoxycyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-3,14-diol(h6),(3S*,5R*,9R*,10R*,13R*,15R*,17R*)-17-((2R*,5R*)-5,6-dimethylheptan-2-yl)-15-methoxy-10,13-dimethyl-4-methylene-2,3,4,5,6,7,9,10,11,12,13,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol(h7),15β-hydroxyconicasterol(h8),15-oxoconicasterol(h9),swinhosterol B(h10),echinohalimane A(h11),cavernosine(h12)。其中6个甾体化合物h1、h2、h3、h4、h6、h7为新化合物,二萜化合物h11为首次从海绵中分离得到,化合物h12为首次从该属海绵中分离得到。从冷柳珊瑚属珊瑚Iciligorgia sp.中分离得到49个化合物:(1S*,2S*,4R*,4a R*,5R*,6R*,9S*,12R*,12a S*)-1,9-dihydroxy-4-isopropyl-1,6-dimethyl-10-methylenete tradecahydro-5,12-epoxybenzo[10]annulene-2,6-diyl diacetate(f1),(1S*,2S*,4S*,4a R*,5R*,6R*,9S*,12R*,12a S*)-1,2,9-trihydroxy-4-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-1,6-dimethyl-10-methyl enetetradecahydro-5,12-epoxybenzo[10]annulen-6-yl acetate(f2),(1S*,2S*,4S*,4a R*,5R*,6R*,9S*,12R*,12a S*)-1,9-dihydroxy-4-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-1,6-dimethyl-10-meth ylenetetradecahydro-5,12-epoxybenzo[10]annulene-2,6-diyl diacetate(f3),(1S*,4R*,5S*,5a S*,6R*,9S*,12R*,13R*,13a R*)-9-hydroxy-2,2,5,12-tetramethyl-8-methylenetetra decahydro-6,13-epoxy-1,4-methanocyclodeca[d]oxepine-5,12-diyl diacetate(f4),2-((1a R*,3S*,3a R*,4R*,5R*,8S*,11R*,11a S*,11b S*)-5-acetoxy-8-hydroxy-5,11b-dimethyl-9-methyl enetetradecahydro-4,11-epoxycyclodeca[3,4]benzo[1,2-b]oxiren-3-yl)propan-2-yl acetate(f5),(6R,7R,8R,9R,12S,14S,15R,16R)-9,12-dihydroxy-6-isopropyl-3,9-dimethyl-13-methyl ene-15-oxa-tricyclo[6.6.1.00,0]pentadec-3-en-10-yl ester(f6),cladieunicellin B(f7),(1a R*,3R*,3a R*,4R*,5R*,8S*,9S*,11R*,11a S*,11b S*)-8,9-dihydroxy-3-isopropyl-5,9,11btrimethyltetradecahydro-4,11-epoxycyclodeca[3,4]benzo[1,2-b]oxiren-5-yl acetate(f8),2-((1a R*,3S*,3a R*,4R*,5R*,8S*,9S*,11R*,11a S*,11b S*)-5-acetoxy-8,9-dihydroxy-5,9,11btrimethyltetradecahydro-4,11-epoxycyclodeca[3,4]benzo[1,2-b]oxiren-3-yl)propan-2-yl acetate(f9),(1S*,2S*,4R*,4a R*,5R*,6R*,9S*,10S*,12R*,12a S*)-1,9,10-trihydroxy-4-isopropyl-1,6,10-trimethyltetradecahydro-5,12-epoxy benzo[10]annulene-2,6-diyl diacetate(f10),(1S*,4R*,5S*,5a S*,6R*,8S*,9S*,12R*,13R*,13a R*)-8,9-dihydroxy-2,2,5,8,12-penta methyltetradecahydro-6,13-epoxy-1,4-methanocyclodeca[d]oxepine-5,12-diyl diacetate(f11),(1S*,2R*,4R*,4a R*,5R*,6R*,7S*,9S*,10S*,12R*,12a S*)-1,2,10-trihydroxy-4-isopro pyl-9-methoxy-1,6,10-trimethyltetradecahydro-5,12-epoxybenzo[10]annulene-6,7-diyl diacetate(f12),(1S*,2R*,4R*,4a R*,5R*,6R*,9S*,10S*,12R*,12a S*)-1,2,10-trihydroxy-4-isopropyl-9-methoxy-1,6,10-trimethyltetradecahydro-5,12-epoxybenzo[10]annulen-6-yl acetate(f13),(1S*,2R*,4S*,4a R*,5R*,6R*,9S*,10S*,12R*,12a S*)-1,9,10-trihydroxy-4-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-1,6,10-trimethyltetradecahydro-5,12-epoxybenzo[10]annulene-2,6-diyl diacetate(f14),klysimplexin X(f15),selerophytin A(f16),selerophytin E(f17),3-acetoxycladiellin-11-ene-6,7-diol(f18),(1R*,3a R*,4R*,5R*,7a R*)-1-((2R*,5S*,E)-5,6-dimethylhept-3-en-2-yl)-4-(5-hydroxy-2-methylphenethyl)-7a-methyloctahydro-1H-indene-4,5-diol(f19),(1R*,3a R*,4R*,5R*,7a R*)-1-((2R*,5S*)-5,6-dimethylheptan-2-yl)-4-(5-hydroxy-2-methylphenethyl)-7a-methyloctahydro-1H-indene-4,5-diol(f20),Subergorgiaol C(f21),Subergorgiaol G(f22),Subergorgiaol B(f23),Subergorgiaol A(f24),Subergorgiaol D(f25),(1R*,3a R*,4R*,7a R*)-4-hydroxy-4-(5-hydroxy-2-methylphenethyl)-7a-methyl-1-((R*,E)-6-methylhept-3-en-2-yl)octahydro-5H-inden-5-one(f26),(1R*,3R*,3a S*,4R*,7a R*)-1-((2R*,5S*,E)-5,6-dimethylhept-3-en-2-yl)-3,4-dihydroxy-4-(5-hydroxy-2-methylphe nethyl)-7a-methyloctahydro-5H-inden-5-one(f27),Subergorgiaol L(f28),Calicoferol F(f29),Calicoferol B(f30),Calicoferol G(f31),Astrogorgol H(f32),Calicoferol C(f33),Calicoferol E(f34),5α,6α-epoxy-(22E,24R)-ergosta-8,22-diene-3β,7β-diol(f35),meltthasterol B(f36),meltthasterol B(f37),(2S,3R)-2-((1R*,2R*,3R*)-3-((4S*,4a S*,6S*,8a S*)-4,6-dihydroxy-8a-methyl-1-oxo-1,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydronaphtha len-2-yl)-2-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-methylcyclopentyl)-6-methylheptan-3-yl acetate(f38), 摘要译文