Journal of Circuits, Systems, and Computers covers a wide scope, ranging from mathematical foundations to practical engineering design in the general areas of circuits, systems, and computers with focus on their circuit aspects. Although primary emphasis will be on research papers, survey, expository and tutorial papers are also welcome. The journal consists of two sections: Papers - Contributions in this section may be of a research or tutorial nature. Research papers must be original and must not duplicate descriptions or derivations available elsewhere. The author should limit paper length whenever this can be done without impairing quality. Letters - This section provides a vehicle for speedy publication of new results and information of current interest in circuits, systems, and computers. Focus will be directed to practical design- and applications-oriented contributions, but publication in this section will not be restricted to this material. These letters are to concentrate on reporting the results obtained, their significance and the conclusions, while including only the minimum of supporting details required to understand the contribution. Publication of a manuscript in this manner does not preclude a later publication with a fully developed version.