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摘要： 替格瑞洛是一种新型P2Y12受体拮抗剂,具有起效快、作用强、无需肝脏代谢激活及可逆性抑制血小板聚集等优势。研究证实,替格瑞洛对氯吡格雷抵抗的缺血性脑卒中患者疗效较好,尤其在双联抗血小板治疗中表现出更低的脑卒中复发风险,且严重出血风险未显著增加。本文围绕替格瑞洛的作用机制及其在急性缺血性脑卒中的应用研究进展进行综述,以期为临床上替格瑞洛的应用提供参考。
关键词: 替格瑞洛 ；急性缺血性脑卒中 ；血小板 ；动脉粥样硬化 ；随机对照试验 ；指南
摘要： 目的:为新型抗血小板药物的研发提供参考。方法:以“抗血小板”“血小板黏附”“血小板活化”“血小板聚集”“作用机制”“Antiplatelet”“Platelet adhesion”“Platelet activation”“Platelet aggregation”“Mechanism”等为中英文关键词,在中国知网、万方数据、PubMed等数据库中组合查询2003年1月-2020年2月发表的相关文献,就血小板参与血栓形成过程中各个级联反应相关的重要信号通路及其作用,以及以各个分子信号为靶点的药物研究进展进行综述。结果与结论:共检索到相关文献3863篇,其中有效文献52篇。目前,抗血小板药物作用靶点包括血小板黏附信号靶点[如膜糖蛋白(GP)Ⅰb-Ⅸ-Ⅴ与血管性血友病因子的相互作用、GPⅥ与胶原的相互作用]、血小板活化信号靶点[二磷酸腺苷(ADP)受体通路、磷酸二酯酶相关信号、磷脂酰肌醇-3-激酶信号、血栓素相关信号)、血小板聚集靶点[GPⅡb/Ⅲa、蛋白酶激活受体]、磷脂酶C、P-选择素、血小板活化因子等。这些靶点和信号通路参与了血小板黏附、激活、聚集过程以及促进了血小板相关血栓的形成,许多作用于上述靶点的抗血小板药物被研发,包括卡普赛珠单抗、西洛他唑、氮吡格雷等。现有抗血小板药物或在动物实验阶段,或在临床试验阶段,仅有部分药物被批准用于临床。
关键词: 抗血小板 ；血小板黏附 ；血小板激活 ；血小板聚集 ；药物研发 ；作用靶点
被引量
24
摘要： 替格瑞洛是一种新型的P2Y12受体拮抗剂,可与血小板P2Y12受体可逆结合,主要经细胞色素P450酶3A4(CYP3A4)代谢,口服后可迅速产生血小板抑制作用,是治疗急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)的重要药物之一。与其他噻吩吡啶类(氯吡格雷、普拉格雷)抗血小板药物临床获益不同之处在于,替格瑞洛的某些临床特征独立于P2Y12受体拮抗作用。替格瑞洛还可抑制平衡核苷转运体1(ENT1),从而抑制细胞内腺苷摄取,增加腺苷半衰期及血浆腺苷浓度水平,发挥保护心肌细胞、增加冠状动脉灌注血流、抑制血小板聚集等等作用。随着腺苷浓度的升高,也会引起一些如呼吸困难、肌酐和尿酸水平的升高、心动过缓等不良反应。本文将对替格瑞洛对腺苷的影响及其所产生的生物学效应的研究进展进行综述。
关键词: 替格瑞洛 ；腺苷 ；生物学效应
被引量
6
摘要： Professor LUO Guoan,a professor at Tsinghua University,is the director of the Network Center(Ministry of Education,PRC)for Collaborative Study of TCM Modernization.His main research areas include pharmaceutical analysis,modernization of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),and systems biology for TCM.Currently,his research focuses on organ-on-a-chip,organoid-on-a-chip,and drug sensitivity screening and automated platform for tumor organoid.As one of the pioneers of microfluidic technology in China,Prof.Luo has led his research team in conducting research on microfluidic technology in the field of biomedicine for more than 20 years.They have successfully established a highly integrated and automated bio-mimetic microfluidic chip experimental platform,and developed various new models of microfluidic organ-on-a-chip.These contributions have provided reliable experimental platforms and in vitro models for the evaluation of drug efficacy and safety.Prof.Luo is also dedicated to applying modern pharmaceutical analysis techniques and multidisciplinary approaches from life sciences to the study of complex systems of TCM.He has founded and developed a series of theoretical and technical frameworks for the analysis of TCM and the modern research of TCM formulas,including fingerprints of traditional Chinese medicines,Chemomics,and TCM integrative systems biology,thereby advancing the modernization of TCM research.His research achievements have been awarded the National Science and Technology Progress Second Prize four times,and multiple provincial and ministerial-level science and technology progress or natural science awards.
关键词: thereby ；conducting ；modernization
摘要： 抗栓治疗是预防急性缺血性卒中复发的关键手段。随着多组学研究的进展和越来越多影响药物安全性和有效性的相关基因被发现,药物基因组学在个体化治疗中的应用逐渐受到关注。本文阐述了药物基因组学在急性缺血性卒中患者抗栓治疗中的指导作用的研究进展,旨在挖掘通过基因检测优化药物选择与剂量调整的潜力。研究表明,氯吡格雷等药物的疗效因细胞色素P450酶家族2亚家族C成员19(cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 19,CYP2C19)基因多态性而异,携带CYP2C19*2或CYP2C19*3等功能缺失等位基因的患者对标准抗血小板治疗反应较差,不能有效降低卒中复发风险,但通过基因检测指导药物选择可以显著提高治疗效果。此外,心源性卒中患者目前常选择华法林或新型口服抗凝药作为主要的抗栓治疗选择。华法林的剂量效应与多个基因,如细胞色素P450酶家族2亚家族C成员9(cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 9,CYP2C9)和维生素K环氧化物还原酶C1(vitamin K epoxide reductase complex 1,VKORC1)的多态性密切相关。基因检测能够帮助医师个体化调整华法林剂量,减少出血或血栓事件的发生。综上所述,药物基因组学在急性缺血性卒中抗栓治疗中的应用为个体化治疗提供了新的思路,未来有望进一步提高治疗的安全性和有效性。
关键词: 急性缺血性卒中 ；药物基因组学 ；个体化治疗 ；抗栓治疗
被引量
1
摘要： 胃癌是一种对全球范围内健康造成严重威胁的恶性肿瘤,其发病率和死亡率居高不下,已成为公共卫生领域的重要问题。目前,传统治疗方案如手术、化疗和放疗虽然在一定程度上能够延长患者的生存期,但在治疗过程中常常伴随显著的副作用、患者对药物产生耐药性等问题,导致治疗效果逐渐减弱。因此,探索新疗法十分迫切。而在众多潜在的替代疗法中,丹参作为一种经典中药,因其丰富的活性成分和较高的安全性而受到越来越广泛地关注,尤其是在肿瘤治疗中具有潜在应用。本研究探讨了胃癌的中医与西医病因、治疗现状,以及丹参在胃癌研究中的进展,着重分析其主要成分如二萜类、酚酸类、多糖类及其他类活性成分的作用机制,归纳其在抑制癌细胞生长、诱导细胞凋亡、减轻放化疗副作用等方面的作用,此外,文章还对丹参复方治疗胃癌的研究进行了综合评述,阐明其在临床应用中的实际意义。旨在为丹参在胃癌治疗中的应用及相关药物的研发提供理论支持和参考依据。通过对该领域现状的综合分析,期望为未来胃癌的治疗提供新的思路和方向。Gastric cancer is a malignant tumor that poses a serious threat to health worldwide, and its incidence and mortality remain high. It has become an important problem in the field of public health. At present, although traditional treatment options such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy can prolong the survival of patients to a certain extent, they are often accompanied by significant side effects and drug resistance during the treatment process, resulting in a gradual weakening of the treatment effect. Therefore, there is an urgent need to explore new treatments. Among the many potential alternative therapies, Salvia miltiorrhiza, as a classic Chinese medicine, has attracted more and more attention due to its rich active ingredients and high safety profile, especially in the treatment of tumors. This study discussed the etiology and treatment status of gastric cancer in traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine, as well as the progress of Salvia miltiorrhiza in gastric cancer research, focusing on the analysis of the mechanism of action of its main components such as diterpenoids, phenolic acids, polysaccharides and other active ingredients, and summarized its role in inhibiting cancer cell growth, inducing apoptosis, and alleviating the side effects of radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The purpose of this study is to provide theoretical support and reference for the application of Salvia miltiorrhiza in the treatment of gastric cancer and the research and development of related drugs. Through a comprehensive analysis of the current situation in this field, it is expected to provide new ideas and directions for the treatment of gastric cancer in the future.
关键词: 丹参 ；活性成分 ；胃癌 ；药物治疗 ；研究进展
摘要： 阿司匹林与氯吡格雷联合抗血小板治疗广泛应用于急性冠状动脉综合征（ACS）或经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）术后患者,以降低死亡率和支架内血栓形成.多项随机对照研究证实,双联抗血小板治疗较阿司匹林单药治疗显著改善ACS患者临床转归,指南推荐双联抗血小板治疗作为ACS和PCI术后患者的首选抗血小板方案[1].但两药联用增加了上消化道出血风险,因此相当数量患者需同时服用质子泵抑制剂（PPI）.最近,多项研究涉及氯吡格雷与PPI联用的不良反应,备受临床医师关注,现就其研究进展做此综述.
关键词: 质子泵抑制剂 ；氯吡格雷 ；不良反应 ；联合应用 ；经皮冠状动脉介入治疗 ；抗血小板治疗 ；急性冠状动脉综合征 ；支架内血栓形成
被引量
11
摘要： 阿芬太尼是一种作用于μ受体的新型芬太尼衍生物,为短效强阿片类镇痛药。由于其起效快、作用时间短、无明显药物蓄积,对呼吸和循环的抑制小,不良反应少,安全系数大等特点,目前被广泛应用于无痛胃肠镜检查中。本文结合国内外文献和阿芬太尼的临床药理特性、临床应用优势,给药方案,常用药物组合等方面的研究进展进行综述,旨在优化无痛胃肠镜检查中的麻醉用药方案,为阿芬太尼在临床上的使用提供理论依据。Alfentanil is a new type of fentanyl derivative acting on the μ receptor and is a short-acting and potent opioid analgesic. Due to its characteristics such as rapid onset, short duration of action, no obvious drug accumulation, little inhibition of respiration and circulation, few adverse reactions, and a large safety factor, it is currently widely used in painless gastrointestinal endoscopy. This article reviews the research progress in aspects such as the clinical pharmacological properties, clinical application advantages, administration regimens, and commonly used drug combinations of alfentanil, combined with domestic and foreign literature. It aims to optimize the anesthesia drug regimens for painless gastrointestinal endoscopy and provide a theoretical basis for the clinical use of alfentanil.
关键词: 阿芬太尼 ；无痛胃肠镜 ；药理学 ；靶控输注 ；复合麻醉
摘要： 近年来,非药物疗法在颈型颈椎病的临床治疗中展现了广阔的应用前景和显著的治疗效果,并且取得了显著的临床研究进展。中医非手术疗法因其疗效好、见效快、创伤性小等特点,逐渐成为治疗颈型颈椎病的首选。其中,牵引、推拿按摩、刮痧、针灸等非药物疗法广泛应用于临床,通过放松颈部肌肉、改善局部血液循环,促进颈椎功能的恢复。此外,拔罐、浮针、刃针、练功等中医特色疗法在颈椎病治疗中发挥了重要作用,显著提高了治疗效果,通过调理气血、疏通经络,有效缓解颈部疼痛、僵硬等症状。本文通过对近十年非药物疗法治疗颈型颈椎病的临床研究进展进行综述,探讨了非药物疗法在颈椎病治疗中的应用,以期为非药物治疗治疗颈椎病提供理论支撑,拓展新的思路和方法,将有助于提升治疗效果和改善患者生活质量。In recent years, non-drug therapy has shown broad application prospect and remarkable therapeutic effect in the clinical treatment of cervical spondylosis, and has made remarkable clinical research progress. Traditional Chinese non-surgical therapy has gradually become the first choice for the treatment of cervical spondylosis because of its good curative effect, quick effect and little trauma. Among them, non-drug therapies such as traction, massage, Gua Sha, acupuncture and moxibustion are widely used in clinical practice to relax neck muscles, improve local blood circulation, and promote the recovery of cervical spine function. In addition, traditional Chinese therapy such as cupping, floating needle, knife needle, and exercise play an important role in the treatment of cervical spondylosis, significantly improving the therapeutic effect, and effectively alleviating neck pain, stiffness and other symptoms by regulating qi and blood, dredging meridians. This article reviewed the clinical research progress of non-drug therapy in the treatment of cervical spondylosis in the past ten years, and discussed the application of non-drug therapy in the treatment of cervical spondylosis, in order to provide theoretical support for non-drug therapy in the treatment of cervical spondylosis, and expand new ideas and methods, which will help to improve the treatment effect and improve the quality of life of patients.
关键词: 颈型颈椎病 ；非药物疗法 ；研究进展
摘要： 综述阿司匹林和氯吡格雷在缺血性脑卒中急性期的应用研究进展。抗血小板治疗可以有效地降低缺血性脑卒中的复发率,阿司匹林和氯吡格雷作为抗血小板治疗的一线用药,目前相关研究及指南未明确阿司匹林和氯吡格雷在缺血性脑卒中急性期应用策略。
关键词: 缺血性脑卒中 ；阿司匹林 ；氯吡格雷 ；抗血小板治疗 ；综述
被引量
26
摘要： 骨质疏松、严重创伤、骨肿瘤及骨感染等导致的临界尺寸骨缺损(critical-size bone defects, CSD)给许多患者造成了严重影响,CSD的修复及后续的临床转归一直是骨科医师面临的重要难题。随着临床新技术的发展及骨组织生物材料的新兴,各种临床技术与药物及骨组织材料联合治疗CSD的研究层出不穷,由于伦理要求,各种技术及其联合在应用于临床之前,需要进行大量的实验研究,那么构建与人体相似的、符合伦理的、适宜操作的以及可重复的CSD动物模型就显得尤为重要。为了总结CSD动物模型的研究进展,本文查阅国内外近年有关动物CSD模型的文献,从动物种类选择、建模方式以及评价方式等方面进行了综述。动物种类选择上包括小鼠、大鼠、兔、犬、猪和绵羊等;建模方式因致病原因的不同可分为创伤性骨缺损模型、骨肿瘤性骨缺损模型、感染性骨缺损模型、骨质疏松性骨缺损模型;评价方式包括大体观察、影像学、组织学检测、生化指标及生物力学等。通过对CSD动物模型研究进展的综述,为CSD各种治疗方法的研究及新型人工骨替代材料的研发提供更多的依据。Critical-size bone defects (CSD) caused by osteoporosis, severe trauma, bone tumors and bone infections have caused serious impacts on many patients, and the repair of CSD and the subsequent clinical regression have been an important challenge for orthopedic surgeons. With the development of new clinical techniques and the emergence of bone tissue biomaterials, there are numerous studies on the combination of various clinical techniques with drugs and bone tissue materials for the treatment of CSD. Due to the ethical requirement that a large number of experimental studies need to be carried out on various techniques and their combinations before they can be applied to the clinic, it is particularly important to construct a similar, ethical, operable, and reproducible animal model for CSD that is similar to that of the human body. In order to summarize the research progress of CSD animal models, this paper reviews the literature on animal CSD models in recent years, both at home and abroad, and reviews the aspects of animal species selection, modeling methods and evaluation methods. The selection of animal species includes mice, rats, rabbits, dogs, pigs, sheep, etc. The modeling methods can be divided into traumatic bone defect model, bone tumor bone defect model, infectious bone defect model and osteoporotic bone defect model according to the different causes of the disease;the evaluation methods include gross observation, imaging, histological detection, biochemical indexes and biomechanics. By reviewing the research progress of CSD animal models, we can provide more evidence for the research of various therapeutic methods of CSD and the research and development of new artificial bone substitution materials.
关键词: 临界尺寸骨缺损 ；动物模型 ；评价指标 ；影像学
摘要： A lack of knowledge about genetic variation in minority populations throughout the world limits the potential uptake of genomic-based precision medicine in these often-underserved people.Extrapolation of pharmacogenetic results derived from more extensively studied populations to minority groups carries risk,as founder effects,genetic drift and unique selective pressures can result in the appearance of novel,functionally significant variants and the disappearance of ones common to a larger population.The NIH-funded Northwest-Alaska Pharmacogenetic Research Network was formed in 2010with the goal of addressing the pharmacogenetic knowledge deficit in Alaska native(AN)and American Indian(AI)populations.A collaboration of investigators at the University of Washington,University of Montana,University of Alaska-Fairbanks,Southcentral Foundation and Group Health Cooperative of Washington was formed to investigate genetic variation in key pharmacogenes and the resulting effect on drug disposition and response,with a focus on anticoagulation,antiplatelet and anticancer therapies.With regard to anticoagulation therapy,we sequenced and genotyped variation in the VKORC1,GGCX,CYP4F2,CYP4F11 and CYP2C9 genes in AN populations living in the interior and western Alaska.While no new variants in the VKORC1,GGCX,and CYP4F genes at frequencies≥1%were discovered,the reduced function-1639 variant in the VKORC1 gene associated with a lower warfarin dose requirement was found at a relatively high frequency in the western AN population(78%),similar to that seen in some Asian populations(92%),but not so high in the interior AN population(54%).The loss-of function CYP4F2*3 variant associated with a higher warfarin dose requirement was found at a frequency of 51%and 31%in the western and interior AN populations respectively,both higher than that found in most other world population(8%-29%).Interestingly,in the western AN population,the reduced function CYP4F2*3 allele was associated with both short-term(plasma vitamin K concentration)and long-term(plasma PIVKA-Ⅱconcentration)measures of vitamin K status,which can affect anti-coagulation control in warfarin-treatedpatients because of its essential role in the synthesis ofⅡ-carboxylated clotting factors(eg,FactorⅡ).CYP4F2catabolizes vitamin K to inactive metabolites.Individuals carrying the CYP4F2*3 allele were less likely to exhibit vitamin K insufficiency than those homozygous for the reference CYP4F2*1 allele.Moreover,the odds of longterm vitamin K insufficiency was lower in individuals reporting regular consumption of vitamin K rich foods than those who reported no consumption of those foods,and this risk factor was independent of CYP4F2*3 status.Inheritance of the CYP4F2*3 allele may enhance the hepatic vitamin K reserve and reduce the risk of major,unexpected bleeding events in individuals receiving longterm warfarin therapy,as we reported in a non-native population receiving care from Group Health Cooperative.With respect to warfarin metabolism,we identified two novel coding variants(M1L and N218I)in the CYP2C9 gene at frequencies of 6.3%and 3.8%in the western AN population and 1.4%and 5.4%in the interior AN population.In vitro studies indicate that the M1L variant will confer a complete loss of CYP2C9 function as a consequence of loss of the translation start codon.Interestingly,the common CYP2C9*2 and*3 variants associated with reduced CYP2C9 function and lower warfarin dose requirement were found at lower frequencies in both AN populations than that seen in Caucasians.Thus,genotyping for only previously known CYP2C9variants in an population would lead to significant misclassification and inappropriate genotype-guided dose recommendations.In the case of antiplatelet therapy,we examined the relationship between putative dietary modulators of platelet activation(ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acids;ω3PUFAs)and basal platelet activationin the same western AN population,using a novel,nitrogen-isotope based biomarker of dietaryω3 PUFA consumption and membraneω3 PUFA levels(δ15N;8).A significant fraction of the AN population in western Alaska adheres to a′traditional′diet of marine foods rich inω3 PUFAs.In that population,the degree of platelet activation,as determined by measurement of plasma s P-selectin concentration,correlated strongly and inversely withω3 PUFA consumption.This finding is consistent with older reports of nutritionally-based blood diathesis in other circumpolar populations.Thus,diet,or more specificallyω3 PUFA consumption,may modify the efficacy and safety of antiplatelet therapies.
关键词: PUFAs ；CYP
摘要： 类器官(organoids)是通过细胞分选和三维培养建立的创新体外模型,在妇科疾病建模、药物筛选及肿瘤个体化治疗中展现出重要价值。作为全球高发的妇科恶性肿瘤,子宫内膜癌(endometrial cancer)的发病率逐年上升且呈年轻化趋势。尽管类器官技术尚未进入临床转化阶段,但其为探索该疾病的精准治疗提供了全新平台。本文综述类器官在子宫内膜癌研究中的最新进展。Organoids are innovative in vitro models established through cell sorting and three-dimensional culture, demonstrating significant value in gynecological disease modeling, drug screening, and personalized cancer treatment. As a highly prevalent gynecological malignancy worldwide, the incidence of endometrial cancer is increasing year by year and showing a trend of younger age of onset. Although the organoid technology has not yet reached the stage of clinical translation, it provides a new platform for exploring the precise treatment of this disease. This paper reviews the latest progress of organoids in the research of endometrial cancer.
关键词: 类器官 ；妇科 ；子宫内膜癌
摘要： 甲型流感病毒因其高变异性和传播能力,能够引起全球性的大流行。目前,抗流感病毒药物是临床治疗流感的主要手段,这些药物通过阻断病毒的进入、复制和释放等环节发挥抗病毒作用。然而,流感病毒的变异和逃避免疫系统的能力促使科研人员不断分析新的甲型流感抗病毒药物。扎那米韦是一种有效的神经氨酸酶抑制剂,通过抑制病毒从宿主细胞中释放,从而限制其在体内的传播。随着流感病毒的不断变异和耐药性的增加,单一药物的治疗方案已经不足以应对当前的流感挑战。因此,开发与扎那米韦等神经氨酸酶抑制剂联合使用,成为当前抗流感药物研发的热点。本文综述了扎那米韦在治疗甲型流感方面的临床研究进展,重点关注了其对流感治疗作用,期望对流感临床药学应用发展提供新的用药治疗参考。Influenza A viruses are capable of causing a global pandemic due to their high mutability and transmissibility. Currently, anti-influenza virus drugs are the mainstay of clinical treatment for influenza, and these drugs exert their antiviral effects by blocking the entry, replication, and release of the virus. However, the ability of influenza viruses to mutate and evade the immune system has prompted researchers to continuously analyze new influenza A antiviral drugs. Zanamivir is a potent neuraminidase inhibitor that works by inhibiting the release of the virus from host cells, thereby limiting its spread through the body. As influenza viruses continue to mutate and increase drug resistance, single-drug regimens are no longer sufficient to meet the current influenza challenge. Therefore, the development of combinations with neuraminidase inhibitors, such as zanamivir, has become a hot topic in current anti-influenza drug development. This article reviews the clinical research progress of zanamivir in the treatment of influenza A, focusing on its therapeutic effect on influenza, and expects to provide new references for the development of influenza clinical pharmacy applications for drug therapy.
关键词: 扎那米韦 ；甲型流感 ；抗病毒药物 ；神经氨酸酶抑制剂
摘要： 宫颈癌是全球女性健康领域面临的一项重大挑战,当下迫切需要全新的治疗策略。抗体药物偶联物(ADC)作为一种新型治疗手段,通过将细胞毒性药物精确递送至肿瘤细胞,为宫颈癌治疗提供了新的治疗方向。本综述旨在探讨ADC在宫颈癌治疗中的应用,包括其作用机制、结构设计、临床研究进展及当前面临的挑战。我们详细分析了针对特定靶点如组织因子(TF)、人表皮生长因子受体2 (HER2)、Trop-2等的ADC,并评估了它们在宫颈癌治疗中的潜在价值与局限性。尽管抗体–药物偶联物在提升宫颈癌治疗效果以及减少副作用方面呈现出优势,但仍需攻克其耐药性、毒性管理等难题。未来的研究应当致力于开发新的靶点、优化ADC设计,同时开展更多的临床试验,以促使ADC在宫颈癌治疗中得到广泛应用。Cervical cancer is a major challenge in the field of global women’s health, and a new treatment strategy is urgently needed. Antibody drug conjugate (ADC), as a new treatment method, provides a new therapeutic direction for the treatment of cervical cancer by accurately delivering cytotoxic drugs to tumor cells. This review aims to explore the application of ADC in the treatment of cervical cancer, including its mechanism of action, structural design, clinical research progress and current challenges. We analyzed ADCs targeting specific targets such as tissue factor (TF), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), and Trop-2 in detail, and evaluated their potential value and limitations in the treatment of cervical cancer. Although antibody-drug conjugates have shown advantages in improving the therapeutic effect of cervical cancer and reducing side effects, they still need to overcome problems such as drug resistance and toxicity management. Future research should focus on developing new targets, optimizing ADC design, and conducting more clinical trials to promote the wide application of ADC in the treatment of cervical cancer.
关键词: 抗体–药物偶联物 ；宫颈癌 ；靶点
摘要： 氯吡格雷是缺血性脑血管病抗血小板治疗的主要药物之一。氯吡格雷抵抗是缺血性脑血管病患者在应用氯吡格雷治疗期间缺血性脑血管事件复发的重要原因,及时发现并纠正氯吡格雷抵抗,对改善缺血性脑血管病患者的预后至关重要。文中对缺血性脑血管病患者氯吡格雷抵抗的定义、影响因素、诊断标准及防治策略的研究进展进行综述。
关键词: 氯吡格雷 ；药物抵抗 ；脑缺血 ；短暂性脑缺血发作 ；治疗
被引量
14
摘要： 本文旨在全面阐述慢性乙型肝炎(CHB)抗病毒治疗的研究现状。基于核苷(酸)类似物(NAs)、干扰素(IFN)等经典抗病毒药物的作用机制、临床疗效、安全性及耐药性特征,结合最新循证医学证据,探讨现有治疗方案的优化选择策略及其临床应用价值。同时,介绍新型抗病毒药物的研发进展以及联合治疗方案的优化策略,为慢性乙型肝炎的抗病毒治疗提供综合参考。The purpose of this article is to comprehensively describe the research status of antiviral therapy for chronic hepatitis B. By analyzing the mechanism of action, efficacy, safety and drug resistance of common antiviral drugs such as Nucleoside analogues and interferons, the selection basis and clinical application of current treatment regimens were discussed. At the same time, the research and development progress of new antiviral drugs and the optimization strategy of combination therapy regimens are introduced, so as to provide a comprehensive reference for the antiviral treatment of chronic hepatitis B.
关键词: 慢性乙型肝炎 ；抗病毒治疗 ；核苷(酸)类似物 ；干扰素
摘要： 茯砖茶是一种传统的后发酵茶,其中所含冠突散囊菌(Eurotium cristatum),也被称为“金花”,是其区别于其他茶叶的关键。研究表明长期饮用茯砖茶具有抗肥胖、降糖、降脂、调节肠道菌群、抗炎等多重药理作用。代谢综合征(Metabolic syndrome, MS)是一组代谢紊乱性疾病的总称,其特征是向心性肥胖、血脂异常、血压升高、高血糖状态,已成为全球性的公共卫生问题。目前没有单一药物能够全面治疗代谢综合征的所有症状,人们越来越关注天然食品在预防和治疗代谢综合征中的作用。茯砖茶中的活性成分,如茶多酚、茶多糖等,可以通过调节肠道菌群的结构和功能,进而影响宿主的代谢过程。本文综述了茯砖茶通过调节肠道菌群改善MS的研究进展,以期为MS的防治提供新思路。Fuzhuan brick tea is a traditional post-fermented tea, in which the presence of Eurotium cristatum, also known as “golden flower”, is a key distinguishing feature from other tea varieties. Studies have shown that long-term consumption of Fuzhuan brick tea has multiple pharmacological effects, including anti-obesity, anti-diabetes, anti-lipid, regulation of gut microbiota, and anti-inflammation. Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by central obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and hyperglycemia, and has become a global public health problem. Currently, there is no single drug that can comprehensively treat all symptoms of MS, and people are increasingly paying attention to the role of natural foods in the prevention and treatment of MS. Active components in Fuzhuan brick tea, such as tea polyphenols and polysaccharides, can regulate the structure and function of gut microbiota, thereby influencing the host’s metabolic process. This review summarizes the progress of research on how Fuzhuan brick tea regulates gut microbiota to improve MS, with the aim of providing new insights into the prevention and treatment of MS.
关键词: 茯砖茶 ；肠道菌群 ；代谢综合征
摘要： 糖尿病可导致多种并发症,由于高血糖、高水平的氧化应激和炎症以及易受感染等不利因素导致糖尿病慢性伤口难以愈合甚至恶化。如糖尿病足、糖尿病溃疡创面等这是糖尿病患者死亡的重要原因之一。与正常伤口相比,糖尿病创面难愈合的因素最重要的是巨噬细胞的活化失调,M1不能及时转化为M2,炎症期延长,炎症因子过度表达,阻碍转化成M2抗炎的状态,降低抗炎因子的活性,这就使得糖尿病创面炎症表达过高,不能通过自愈能让创面愈合。目前水凝胶已成为伤口敷料研究的热点材料。水凝胶能提供一个最佳的伤口水分水平的控制,因为它能够吸收多余的液体从伤口或释放水分的需要。水凝胶由于含水量高、生物相容性好、传递药物等优点,与纱布等传统敷料相比,水凝胶敷料可以提供有利于伤口愈合的湿润环境。水凝胶敷料还具有优异的组织粘附、抗菌能力、抗氧化和炎症调节作用等,在伤口敷料中具有广阔的前景。本文基于水凝胶材料的特点和糖尿病慢性创面的微环境,总结了近年来新型抗炎性水凝胶敷料治疗糖尿病慢性创面的研究进展,并探讨了目前水凝胶敷料的缺点和展望,让糖尿病伤口的个性化管理和治疗成为可能。Diabetes can lead to a variety of complications, due to high blood sugar, high levels of oxidative stress and inflammation, as well as susceptibility to infection and other. adverse factors that make diabetic chronic wounds difficult to heal or even worsen. Such as chronic wounds, diabetic feet, diabetic ulcer wounds, etc. This is one of the important causes of death in diabetic patients. Compared with normal wounds, the most important factor that makes diabetic wounds difficult to heal is the dysactivation of macrophages, M1 cannot be converted into M2 in time, and the overexpression of inflammatory factors prevents the transformation into anti-inflammatory factors. As a result, the inflammatory expression of diabetic wounds is too high, and the wound cannot be healed through self-healing. At present, hydrogels have become a hot material in wound dressing research. Compared with traditional dressings such as gauze, hydrogel dressings can provide a moist environment conducive to wound healing due to their high water content, good biocompatibility and drug delivery. Hydrogel dressings also have excellent tissue adhesion, antibacterial ability, anti-oxidation and inflammation regulation, etc., and have broad prospects in wound dressings. Based on the characteristics of hydrogel materials and the microenvironment of diabetic chronic wounds, this paper summarizes the research progress of new anti-inflammatory hydrogel dressings for the treatment of diabetic chronic wounds in recent years, and discusses the shortcomings and prospects of current hydrogel dressings, so as to make personalized management and treatment of diabetic wounds possible.
关键词: 糖尿病创面 ；巨噬细胞的活化 ；抗炎水凝胶
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